Home > Blog > The Ultimate Guide to Historical Sites in Iceland

The Ultimate Guide to Historical Sites in Iceland

25-08-2023

Historical Sites in Iceland

Iceland, a land of fire and ice, is not only known for its breathtaking landscapes but also for its rich history that dates back over a millennium. From the first settlers to the establishment of the Althing, one of the world's oldest parliaments, Iceland's past is as captivating as its geysers and waterfalls.

As travelers, we are fortunate to have the opportunity to step back in time and witness the remnants of a bygone era. Let's embark on a journey to explore some of Iceland's most iconic historical sites.

A Brief History of Iceland

Iceland's history is a tapestry of Viking sagas, early settlements, and a fierce spirit of independence. The island was settled in the 9th century by Norse explorers, and its strategic location between Europe and North America made it a significant player in the annals of exploration and trade.

The Different Types of Historical Sites in Iceland

  • Natural landmarks: These are places shaped by nature over millennia, often holding significant cultural or historical importance.

  • Man-made structures: From ancient turf houses to churches, these structures tell tales of Iceland's architectural evolution and societal progress.

  • Cultural sites: These are places where events, traditions, or practices of historical significance took place.

Iceland famous landmarks

The Most Popular Historical Sites in Iceland

Þingvellir National Park

Þingvellir, or Thingvellir in English, is a national park in the Golden Circle region of Iceland. It's not just a natural wonder with its stunning landscapes, but it's also a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its historical significance

This is where the world's first parliament, the Althing, was established in 930 AD. The park is also geologically significant as it lies in a rift valley caused by the separation of two tectonic plates. 

Visitors can literally walk between the North American and Eurasian plates. The Silfra fissure within the park offers one of the clearest waters in the world, making it a popular spot for snorkeling and diving.

Thingvellir parliament

Gullfoss Waterfall

Gullfoss, or the "Golden Falls", is one of the most iconic waterfalls in Iceland. Located in the Golden Circle, this massive waterfall cascades down in two stages into a deep canyon. 

The sheer power and beauty of Gullfoss make it a must-visit. Historically, it played a pivotal role in Iceland's environmental conservation when local woman Sigridur Tómasdóttir fought to prevent its use for hydroelectric purposes in the early 20th century.

Gullfoss waterfall

Geysir Geothermal Area

The Geysir geothermal area is home to the famous geyser, Strokkur, which erupts every 5-10 minutes. While the original Geysir rarely erupts now, the area is still a hotspot of geothermal activity with bubbling mud pools, fumaroles, and other smaller geysers. It's a vivid demonstration of the volcanic energy beneath Iceland's surface.

Geysir geothermal area

The Best Historical Sites to Visit in Iceland

Snæfellsnes Peninsula

Often referred to as "Iceland in Miniature", the Snæfellsnes Peninsula offers a bit of everything - from the Snæfellsjökull glacier-capped volcano, which inspired Jules Verne's "Journey to the Center of the Earth", to black sand beaches, bird cliffs, and charming fishing villages. 

The area is rich in folklore, with many tales of elves, trolls, and other mythical creatures.

Iceland historical sites

Jokulsarlon Glacier Lagoon

Jokulsarlon is a mesmerizing glacial lagoon in South Iceland, filled with large icebergs that have broken off from the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier. The lagoon is ever-changing and offers a unique opportunity to see the natural calving process of a glacier. 

Nearby, the Diamond Beach, with its ice chunks scattered on black sand, offers a stark contrast and a photographer's dream.

famous landmarks in reykjavik

Akureyri

Known as the "Capital of North Iceland", Akureyri is a charming town with a rich history. It boasts a beautiful church, Akureyrarkirkja, designed by the same architect as Reykjavik's Hallgrímskirkja. 

The town also offers museums, botanical gardens, and is a gateway to the natural wonders of North Iceland.

Akureyri, North Iceland

Lesser-Known Historical Sites in Iceland

Raufarhólshellir Lava Cave

One of the longest lava tubes in Iceland, Raufarhólshellir is a testament to the country's volcanic activity. Formed over 5,000 years ago, the cave offers a unique opportunity to explore the underground world of Iceland, with its stunning rock formations and ice sculptures in winter.

Iceland lava cave

Hofskirkja Stave Church

Hofskirkja is one of the last turf churches built in Iceland. Located in the village of Hof in South Iceland, this quaint church is made of wood and surrounded by a turf-covered stone wall, blending seamlessly into the landscape. It's a beautiful representation of traditional Icelandic architecture.

viking historical sites in iceland

Thingeyrar Church

Thingeyrar was once a significant cultural and religious center in Iceland. The church, built in the 19th century, stands on the site of one of Iceland's first monasteries. It's renowned for its beautiful altarpiece, painted by a famous Icelandic artist in the 18th century.

historical places in iceland

How to Plan a Trip to Iceland to See Historical Sites

When to go to Iceland

The summer months, from June to August, offer the most daylight and milder weather, making it an ideal time to explore the historical sites.

Where to stay in Iceland

From cozy guesthouses in Reykjavik to countryside hotels near historical sites, Iceland offers a range of accommodations to fit every traveler's budget and preference.

How to get around Iceland

While public transportation is available in major towns, renting a caravan or vehicle from Iceland Cars provides the flexibility to explore off-the-beaten-path historical sites at your own pace.

What to pack for Iceland

Given the unpredictable weather, it's essential to pack layers, waterproof clothing, sturdy hiking boots, and essential gear if you're planning to camp or hike.

Landmark routes in Iceland

Things to do in Iceland besides visiting historical sites

Beyond its rich history, Iceland offers a plethora of activities - from witnessing the Northern Lights to relaxing in geothermal pools and hiking its vast landscapes.

Conclusion

Iceland, with its rich tapestry of history interwoven with stunning natural beauty, offers travelers an unparalleled experience. From the remnants of ancient Viking settlements to tales of elves and trolls, every corner of this island nation has a story to tell.

As we journey through these historical sites, we not only witness the passage of time but also the enduring spirit of the Icelandic people. So, pack your bags, rent that caravan, and set forth on a journey through time in the land of fire and ice. Safe travels!